Jaku di Kalimantan, Indonesia

Languages of Indonesia (Kalimantan)

Indonesia (Kalimantan). 11,331,558 (2000 census). 4 provinces. Immigrant languages: Tringgus-Sembaan Bidayuh. Information mainly from R. Blust 1974; A. Cense and E. Uhlenbeck 1958. The number of individual languages listed for Indonesia (Kalimantan) is 74. Of those, all are living languages.

Ampanang	[apg] 30,000 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). East Kalimantan Province, central, southeast of Tunjung, Jambu, Lamper area. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, Barito-Mahakam More information.
Aoheng	[pni] 2,630 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). East Kalimantan Province, north central near Sarawak border, upper reaches of Kapuas, Barito, and Mahakam rivers. Alternate names: Penihing. Dialects: Lexical similarity: 69% with Kereho [xke], 67% with Hovongan [hov].  Classification:Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Muller-Schwaner ‘Punan’ More information.
Bahau	[bhv] 19,000 (2007 SIL). East Kalimantan Province. Northeast, north, and southeast of Busang. Long Apari, Long Pahangai, Long Bagun, and Long Hubung subdistricts, Kutai Barat Regency.Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Kayan Proper More information.
Bakati’	[bei] 4,000 (1986 UBS). Northwest near Sarawak border, Sambas and Selvas areas. Alternate names: Bakati Nyam, Bakati Riok, Bakatiq, Bekati.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Land Dayak, Bakati’ More information.
Bakati’, Rara	[lra] 12,000 in Indonesia (2007). West Kalimantan Province, upper Lundu and Sambas rivers, Bengkayang area east of Gunung Pendering, and north in Pejampi and 2 other villages. Alternate names: Luru, Lara’, Bekatiq, Bekati’ Nyam-Pelayo, Bekati’ Kendayan.  Dialects: Bina’e. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Land Dayak, Bakati’ More information.
Bakati’, Sara	[sre] 4,000. West Kalimantan Province, near Sanggau-Ledo northeast of Ledo. Alternate names:Sara, Riok.  Dialects: Some dialect differences. Unidirectional intelligibility from Sara to Rara-Bakati’.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Land Dayak, Bakati’ More information.
Bakumpai	[bkr] 100,000 (2003). Central Kalimantan Province. Kapuas and Barito rivers, northeast of Kuala Kapuas. Alternate names: Bakambai, Bara-Jida.  Dialects: Bakumpai, Mengkatip (Mangkatip, Oloh Mengkatip). Lexical similarity: 75% with Ngaju [nij], 45% with Banjar [bjn].  Classification:Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, West, South More information.
Banjar	[bjn] 3,500,000 in Indonesia (2000 census), increasing. Population total all countries: 3,502,300. Around Banjarmasin south and east; East Kalimantan, coastal regions of Pulau Laut, Kutai and Pasir; Central Kalimantan as far as Sampit. Also in Malaysia (Sabah). Alternate names:Bandjarese, Banjar Malay, Banjarese, Labuhan.  Dialects: Kuala, Hulu. Lexical similarity: 73% with Indonesian [ind], 66% with Tamuan (Malayic Dayak), 45% with Bakumpai [bkr], 35% with Ngaju [nij].  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Sumbawan, North and East, Malayic, Malay More information.
Basap	[bdb] 15,000 (2007 SIL). East Kalimantan Province, scattered in Bulungan, Sangkulirang, and Kutai regencies. Dialects: Jembayan, Bulungan, Berau, Dumaring, Binatang, Karangan. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, Rejang-Sajau More information.
Benyadu’	[byd] 54,000 (2007). West Kalimantan Province, northwest near Sarawak border, Landak and Bengkayang regencies. Alternate names: Njadu, Nyadu, Balantiang, Balantian.  Dialects: Pandu, Nyadu (Balantian, Balantiang, Njadu).  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Land Dayak More information.
Bidayuh, Biatah	[bth] 8,480 in Indonesia (2000). Northwest Kalimantan, on Sarawak border. Mainly in Sarawak.Alternate names: Biatah, Bideyu, Landu, Lundu, Pueh, Siburan.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Land Dayak, Bidayuh, Core, Central More information.
Bidayuh, Bukar-Sadong	[sdo]  West Kalimantan Province, Sarawak border, Sanggau and Sintang regencies. Alternate names: Buka, Bukar, Bukar Sadong, Bukar Sadung Bidayah, Sabutan, Sadong, Serian, Tebakang.  Dialects: Bukar Sadong, Bukar Bidayuh (Bidayuh, Bidayah).  Classification:Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Land Dayak, Bidayuh, Eastern More information.
Bolongan	[blj] 30,000 (Pusat Bahasa 2002). East Kalimantan Province, Tanjungselor area, lower Kayan River. Alternate names: Bulungan.  Dialects: May be a dialect of Tidong [tid] or Segai [sge]. Classification uncertain.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Tidong More information.
Bukat	[bvk] 400 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). West Kalimantan Province, northeast near Sarawak border, Kapuas River, southeast of Mendalam. 3 areas. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Muller-Schwaner ’Punan’ More information.
Bukitan	[bkn] 570 in Indonesia (2000). Population total all countries: 860. East Kalimantan Province, Iwan River, Sarawak border. Also in Malaysia (Sarawak). Alternate names: Bakatan, Bakitan, Beketan, Mangkettan, Manketa, Pakatan.  Dialects: Punan Ukit, Punan Busang.  Classification:Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, Melanau-Kajang, Kajang More information.
Burusu	[bqr] 4,350 (2007 SIL). East Kalimantan Province, Bulungan Regency, Sesayap subdistrict, Sekatakbunyi area, north of Sajau Basap [sjb] language. Alternate names: Berusuh, Bulusu. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, Rejang-Sajau More information.
Dusun Deyah	[dun] 20,000 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). South Kalimantan Province, Tabalong River northeast of Bongkang. Alternate names: Deah, Dejah.  Dialects: Lexical similarity: 53% with Lawangan [lbx], 52% with Tawoyan [twy].  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, East, Central-South, Central More information.
Dusun Malang	[duq] 4,500 (2003). 2,000 Bayan. Central Kalimantan Province, North Barito Regency, west of Muarainu, northeast of Muarateweh. Dialects: Bayan, Dusun Malang. Most similar to Ma’anyan [mhy], Paku [pku], Dusun Witu [duw], Malagasy [plt]. Lexical similarity: 90% between the 2 dialects.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, East, Central-South, South More information.
Dusun Witu	[duw] 5,000 (2003). Central Kalimantan Province, South Barito Regency, Pendang and Buntokecil regions; south of Muarateweh. Dialects: Dusun Pepas, Dusun Witu. Most similar to Ma’anyan [mhy], Paku, Dusun Malang [duq], Malagasy [plt]. Lexical similarity: 75% with Ma’anyan, 73% with Paku [pku].  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, East, Central-South, South More information.
Embaloh	[emb] 10,000 (1991 NTM). West Kalimantan Province, Kapuas Hulu Regency, south of Sarawak border, upper Kapuas River: Embaloh, Leboyan, Lauh, Palin, Nyabau, Mandai, and Kalis tributaries. Alternate names: Malo, Maloh, Matoh, Mbaloh, Memaloh, Palin, Pari, Sangau, Sanggau.  Dialects: Kalis (Kalis Maloh, Kalis Dayak). Kalis may be a separate language. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, South Sulawesi, Bugis, Tamanic More information.
Hovongan	[hov] 1,000 (1991 NTM). West Kalimantan Province near Sarawak and East Kalimantan Province borders; Kapuas Hulu Regency, far northeast corner. Alternate names: Punan Bungan.  Dialects:Hovongan, Penyavung, Semukung Uheng. Lexical similarity: 69% with Kereho [xke], 67% with Aoheng [pni].  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Muller-Schwaner ‘Punan’ More information.
Iban	[iba] 15,000 in Kalimantan (Benjamin and Chou 2003). West Kalimantan Province, Sarawak border. Alternate names: Sea Dayak.  Dialects: Batang Lupar, Bugau, Kantu’, Ketungau (Air Tabun, Sigarau, Seklau, Sekapat, Banjur, Sebaru’, Demam, Maung, Sesat).  Classification:Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Sumbawan, North and East, Malayic, Ibanic More information.
Jangkang	[djo] 37,000 (2007 SIL). West Kalimantan Province, Central Sanggau Regency, south of Balai Sebut. Dialects: Jangkang proper, Pompang.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Land Dayak, Southern More information.
Kayan Mahakam	[xay] 1,300 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). East Kalimantan Province, West Kutai and Malinau regencies, 2 areas. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Kayan Proper More information.
Kayan, Busang	[bfg] 3,000 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). East Kalimantan Province, upper Mahakam, Oga, Belayan rivers. Alternate names: Busang, Kajan, Kajang.  Dialects: Mahakam Busang, Belayan, Long Bleh.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Kayan Proper More information.
Kayan, Kayan River	[xkn] 2,000 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). East Kalimantan Province, Kayan River, 2 areas. Alternate names: Kajang, Kayan River Kajan.  Dialects: Uma Leken, Kayaniyut Kayan, Uma Laran. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Kayan Proper More information.
Kayan, Mendalam	[xkd] 1,500 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). West Kalimantan Province, northeast of Putus Sibau, Mendalam River. Alternate names: Mendalam Kajan.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Kayan Proper More information.
Kayan, Wahau	[whu] 500 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). East Kalimantan Province, north of Muara Wahau. Alternate names: Wahau Kajan.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Kayan Proper More information.
Kelabit	[kzi] 640 in Indonesia (2000). East Kalimantan Province, remote mountains, on Sarawak border, northwest of Longkemuat. Mainly in Sarawak. Alternate names: Kalabit, Kerabit, Apo Duat. Dialects: Lon Bangag, Tring, Bareo (Bario), Pa’ Mada, Long Napir.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic More information.
Kembayan	[xem] 11,000 (2007 SIL). West Kalimantan Province, near Sarawak border, Balaikarangan, Kembayan, Landak River area. Alternate names: Karambai.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Land Dayak, Southern More information.
Kendayan	[knx] 280,000 in Indonesia (2007). Population total all countries: 290,700. West Kalimantan Province, northeast of Bengkayang, Ledo area, Madi and Papan jungle area; Sambas regency. Also in Malaysia (Sarawak). Alternate names: Baicit, Kendayan-Ambawang, Kendayan Dayak, Damea, Salako.  Dialects: Ambawang, Kendayan, Ahe, Selako.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Sumbawan, North and East, Malayic, Kendayan More information.
Keninjal	[knl] 32,000 (2007 SIL). West Kalimantan Province, Sayan and Melawi rivers, Nanga Pinoh, Nanga Ella, Nanga Sayan, Gelalak areas. Alternate names: Dayak Kaninjal, Kaninjal, Kaninjal Dayak.  Dialects: Kubing.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Sumbawan, North and East, Malayic, Kendayan More information.
Kenyah, Mainstream	[xkl] 12,000 in Indonesia (2007), decreasing. Population total all countries: 32,000. East Kalimantan Province, Malinau Regency, Pimping, Long Setulang, Batu Kajang, Long Uli, Long Belua villages, Kayan, Mahakam, Upper Baram, Bahau, Upper Balui, Malinau, Belayan, and Telen river areas. Also in Malaysia (Sarawak). Alternate names: Usun Apau Kenyah, Highland Kenyah.  Dialects: Lepo’ Tau, Lepo’ Bem, Uma’ Jalan, Uma’ Tukung, Lepo’ Ke, Lepo’ Kuda, Lepo’ Maut, Lepo’ Ndang, Badeng, Bakung, Lepo’ Tepu’.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kenyah More information.
Kenyah, Wahau	[whk] 8,000 (2007), decreasing. East Kalimantan Province, upper Mahakam River, Batu Majang, Buluk Sen, Uma’ Dian, Muara Pedohon, Kampung Baru, Uma’ Bekuai, Tabang Lama villages.Alternate names: Wahau Kenya, Lebu’ Kulit.  Dialects: Uma Timai, Lebu’ Kulit, Uma’ Ujok. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kenyah, Kayanic Kenyah More information.
Kereho	[xke] 500 (2003). West Kalimantan Province, far east Kapuas Hulu Regency, near Sarawak border, Kereho River. Alternate names: Keriau Punan.  Dialects: Busang (Kereho-Busang), Seputan, Uheng (Kereho-Uheng). Lexical similarity: 69% with Hovongan [hov], 69% with Aoheng [pni].  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Muller-Schwaner ‘Punan’ More information.
Kohin	[kkx] 8,000 (2003). Central Kalimantan Province, Kotawaringin Timur Regency, central and north Seruyan River area. 10 villages. Alternate names: Bahasa Seruyan, Seruyan.  Dialects: Lexical similarity: 60%–65% with Ot Danum [otd], 50%–69% with Ngaju [nij].  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, West, North More information.
Lawangan	[lbx] 100,000 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). East central Kalimantan, Karau River area. Alternate names: Luwangan, Northeast Barito.  Dialects: Ajuh, Bakoi (Lampung), Bantian (Bentian), Banuwang, Bawu (Bawo), Kali, Karau (Beloh), Lawa, Lolang, Mantararen, Njumit, Purai, Purung, Tuwang, Pasir, Benua, Taboyan. At least 17 dialects. Tawoyan [twy] may be inherently intelligible. Lexical similarity: 77% with Tawoyan, 53% with Dusun Deyah [dun].  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, East, North More information.
Lengilu	[lgi] 4 (2000 S. Wurm). Northeast, between Sa’ban and Lundayeh. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic  Nearly extinct. More information.
Lun Bawang	[lnd] 23,000 in Indonesia (2007 SIL). Population total all countries: 47,500. Interior from Brunei Bay to Padas River headwaters, to Baram headwaters, and into East Kalimantan, Indonesian mountains where Sesayap River tributaries arise. Also in Brunei, Malaysia (Sarawak). Alternate names: Southern Murut, Lundayeh, Lun Daye, Lun Dayah, Lun Daya, Lun Dayoh, Lundaya Putuk.  Dialects: Lun Daye, Papadi, Lun Bawang (Long Bawan, Sarawak Murut). Not Murutic, although sometimes called Southern Murut.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic More information.
Ma’anyan	[mhy] 150,000 (2003). Central Kalimantan, Barito Selatan Regency, South Tamianglayang area, Dusun Hilir, Karau Kuala, Dusun Selatan, Dusun Utara, Gunung Bintang Awai, Dusun Tengah, Awang, and Patangkep Tutui subdistricts. Patai River drainage area. Alternate names: Ma’anjan, Maanyak Dayak.  Dialects: Samihim (Buluh Kuning), Sihong (Siong), Dusun Balangan. Related to Malagasy languages in Madagascar. Lexical similarity: 77% with Paku [pku], 75% with Dusun Witu [duv].  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, East, Central-South, South More information.
Malay, Berau	[bve] 11,200 (2007 SIL). East Kalimantan Province, central coastal area, Tanjungreder and Muaramalinau north to Sepinang south. Alternate names: Berau, Merau Malay.  Classification:Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Sumbawan, North and East, Malayic, Malay More information.
Malay, Bukit	[bvu] 59,000 (2007 SIL). East Kalimantan Province, southeast, Sampanahan River, northwest of Limbungan. Alternate names: Bukit, Meratus, Bukat.  Dialects: A variant of Banjar Malay [bjn]. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Sumbawan, North and East, Malayic, Malay More information.
Malay, Kota Bangun Kutai	[mqg] 80,000 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). East Kalimantan Province, central Mahakam River basin.Dialects: Not intelligible with Tenggarong Kutai Malay [vkt], but may be intelligible with one of its dialects (Northern Kutai).  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Sumbawan, North and East, Malayic, Malay More information.
Malay, Tenggarong Kutai	[vkt] 210,000 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). 100,000 in Tenggarong, 60,000 in Ancalong, 50,000 in Northern Kutai. East Kalimantan Province, Mahakam River basin, east central coastal area, from Sepinang and Tg; Mangkalihat north to Muarabadak and Samarinda south. Alternate names:Kutai, Tenggarong.  Dialects: Tenggarong Kutai, Ancalong Kutai, Northern Kutai. Many dialects. Tenggarong and Kota Bangun (Malay, Kota Bangun Kutai [mqg]) are not inherently intelligible. Shares phonological innovations with Berau Malay [bve], Banjar [bjn], and Brunei [xkd]. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Sumbawan, North and East, Malayic, Malay More information.
Malayic Dayak	[xdy] 520,000 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). 300 Tapitn, 100,000 Banana’, 100,000 Kayung, 200,000 Delang, 10,000 Semitau, 10,000 Suhaid, 20,000 Mentebah-Suruk. Large portions of eastern West Kalimantan and western Central Kalimantan provinces. Banana’ and Tapitn are western, between Singakawang, Bengkayang, Darit, and Sungairaya; Kayung and Delang are southern, between Sandai, Muarakayang, Pembuanghulu, Sukamara, and Sukaraja; Semitau, Suhaid, and Mentebah-Suruk are eastern, southeast of Kapuas River from Sintang to Putus Sibau. Alternate names: Bamayo, Bumayoh.  Dialects: Tapitn, Banana’, Kayung (Kayong), Delang, Semitau, Suhaid, Mentebah-Suruk, Arut (Sukarame), Lamandau (Landau Kantu), Sukamara (Kerta Mulya), Riam (Nibung Terjung), Belantikan (Sungkup), Tamuan, Tomun, Pangin, Sekakai, Silat. Listed dialects form a chain and may constitute 3 or more languages. Related to Kendayan [knx] and Keninjal [knl].  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Sumbawan, North and East, Malayic, Malay More information.
Modang	[mxd] 15,300 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). East Kalimantan Province, Segah, Kelinjau, and Belayan rivers. 5 areas. Dialects: Kelingan (Long Wai, Long We), Long Glat, Long Bento’, Benehes, Nahes, Liah Bing.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Modang More information.
Mualang	[mtd] 40,000 (2007 Tjia). West Kalimantan Province, Belitang Hilir, Belitang, and Belitang Hulu Sekadau subdistricts, along Ayak and Belitang rivers, about 320 kms. upstream from Pontianak.Dialects: Mualang Ili’, Mualang Ulu. Similar to Iban [iba].  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Sumbawan, North and East, Malayic, Ibanic More information.
Ngaju	[nij] 890,000 (2003). Kalimantan, Kapuas, Kahayan, Katingan, and Mentaya rivers, south.Alternate names: Biadju, Dayak Ngaju, Ngadju, Ngaja, Ngaju Dayak, Southwest Barito.  Dialects:Ba’amang (Bara-Bare, Sampit), Katingan Ngaju, Katingan Ngawa, Kahayan, Kahayan Kapuas, Mantangai (Oloh Mangtangai), Pulopetak. Related to Bakumpai [bkr]. Lexical similarity: 75% with Bakumpai, 62% with Kohin [kkx], 50% with Ot Danum [otd], 35% with Banjar [bjn].  Classification:Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, West, South More information.
Okolod	[kqv] 3,390 in Indonesia (2000). Population total all countries: 4,970. East Kalimantan Province along Sabah border, east of Lumbis, north of Lundayeh; also in Sarawak. Also in Malaysia (Sarawak). Alternate names: Kolod, Kolour, Kolur, Okolod Murut.  Dialects: Lexical similarity: 82% with Okolod of Sabah, 70% with Pensiangan Murut dialect of Tagal Murut [mvv], 34% with Lun Bawang [lnd].  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Murut More information.
Ot Danum	[otd] 78,800 (2007 SIL). Upper reaches of south Borneo River, large area south of Schwaner Range. Ulu Ai’ on Mandai River with 7 villages. Alternate names: Dohoi, Malahoi, Uud Danum, Uut Danum.  Dialects: Ot Balawan, Ot Banu’u, Ot Murung 1 (Murung 1, Punan Ratah), Ot Olang, Ot Tuhup, Sarawai (Melawi), Dohoi, Ulu Ai’ (Da’an), Sebaung, Kadorih, Kuhin. Lexical similarity: 70% with Siang [sya], 65% with Kohin [kkx], 60% with Katingan dialect of Ngaju [nij], 50% with Ngaju (main dialect) [nij].  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, West, North More information.
Paku	[pku] 3,500 (2003), decreasing. Central Kalimantan Province, East Barito Regency, south of Ampah. Alternate names: Bakau.  Dialects: Lexical similarity: 77% with Ma’anyan [mhy], 73% with Dusun Witu [duv].  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, East, Central-South, South More information.
Punan Aput	[pud] 370 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). East Kalimantan Province, west and north of Mt. Menyapa.Alternate names: Aput.  Dialects: Allegedly unintelligible to other Penan languages.  Classification:Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Muller-Schwaner ‘Punan’ More information.
Punan Merah	[puf] 140 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). East Kalimantan Province, Mahakam River, east of Ujohhilang. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Muller-Schwaner ‘Punan’ More information.
Punan Merap	[puc] 200 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). East Kalimantan Province, east of Longkemuat.Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, Rejang-Sajau More information.
Punan Tubu	[puj] 2,000 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). East Kalimantan Province, Malinau, Mentarang, and Sembakung rivers, coastal. 8 locations. Dialects: Not a Kenyah language (Soriente 2003). Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Punan Tubu More information.
Putoh	[put] 6,000 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). East Kalimantan Province, east of Lundayeh and Sa’ban, Mentarang River, Longberang, Mensalong, Bangalan areas. Alternate names: Putuk.  Dialects:Pa Kembaloh, Abai. May be the same as Lun Bawang [lnd].  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic More information.
Ribun	[rir] 45,000 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). West Kalimantan Province, Kapuas Hulu Regency, Tayan Hulu subdistrict. Dialects: Ribun, Bekidoh.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Land Dayak, Southern More information.
Sa’ban	[snv] 850 in Indonesia (2000). East Kalimantan Province, Nunukan Regency, Sarawak border, south of Lundayeh. Alternate names: Saban, Merau.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic More information.
Sajau Basap	[sjb] 6,000 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). East Kalimantan Province, Berau and Bulungan regencies, northeast of Muaramalinau. Alternate names: Sajau, Sujau.  Dialects: Punan Sajau, Punan Basap, Punan Batu 2. Related to Basap [bdb].  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, Rejang-Sajau More information.
Sanggau	[scg] 45,000 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). West Kalimantan Province, Sanggau Regency, Kapuas River. Dialects: Dosan, Mayau, Sanggau. Very heterogenous dialects, probably more than 1 language in this group—not all Sanggau isolects mutually intelligible. Koman and Semerawai could be part of this group.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Land Dayak More information.
Seberuang	[sbx] 37,000 (2007 SIL). West Kalimantan Province, Kapuas area from Nanga Silat to Selimbau, on Belimbing, Lebang, Belitang, Seauk, Tempunak, Selimbau, Silat rivers. Dialects: Quite similar to Desa.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Sumbawan, North and East, Malayic, Ibanic More information.
Segai	[sge] 2,000 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). East Kalimantan Province, Berau regency, Kelai River and around Longlaai. Alternate names: Called Segayi by the Berau, Ga’ay by the Kenyah and Kayan.  Dialects: Kelai, Segah.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kayanic, Modang More information.
Selungai Murut	[slg] 640 in Indonesia (2000). Population total all countries: 1,240. East Kalimantan Province, Nunukan Regency east of Lumbis on upper reaches of Sembakung River. Also in Malaysia (Sabah). Alternate names: Murut.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Murut More information.
Semandang	[sdm] 20,000. West Kalimantan Province, Ketapang Regency, Kualan and Semandang rivers.Alternate names: Kualan-Semandang.  Dialects: Semandang, Gerai, Beginci, Bihak, Komi. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Land Dayak, Southern More information.
Sembakung Murut	[sbr] 3,180 in Indonesia (2000). Population total all countries: 5,180. East Kalimantan Province, Nunukan Regency, Sembakung River mouth into Sabah. Also in Malaysia (Sabah). Alternate names: Sembakoeng, Sembakong, Simbakong, Tingalun, Tinggalan, Tinggalum.  Classification:Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Tidong More information.
Siang	[sya] 60,000 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). Central Kalimantan Province, Murung Raya Regency, east of Dohoi. Alternate names: Ot Siang.  Dialects: Siang, Murung 2. Related to Dohoi.  Classification:Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, West, North More information.
Tagal Murut	[mvv] 2,000 in Indonesia. East Kalimantan Province, Nunukan Regency, Pegalan Valley, Alumbis River. Alternate names: Semambu, Semembu, Sumambu, Sumambu-Tagal, Sumambuq. Dialects: Rundum (Arundum), Tagal (Tagol, North Borneo Murut, Sabah Murut), Sumambu (Semembu, Sumambuq), Tolokoson (Telekoson), Sapulot Murut (Sapulut Murut), Pensiangan Murut (Pentjangan, Tagul, Taggal, Lagunan Murut), Alumbis (Lumbis, Loembis), Tawan, Tomani (Tumaniq), Maligan (Mauligan, Meligan, Bol Murut, Bole Murut).  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Murut More information.
Taman	[tmn] 30,000 (2007 SIL). West Kalimantan Province, Kapuas Hulu regency, Kapuas River, upriver from Putussibau; Mendalam and Sibau tributaries. Alternate names: Dayak Taman, Taman Dayak.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, South Sulawesi, Bugis, Tamanic More information.
Tausug	[tsg] 12,000 in Indonesia (1981 Wurm). Northeast Kalimantan coastal settlements, immigrants from Sulu Archipelago in the Philippines. Alternate names: Joloano Sulu, Moro Joloano, Sooloo, Sulu, Suluk, Taosug, Tausog, Taw Sug.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Philippine, Greater Central Philippine, Central Philippine, Bisayan, South, Butuan-Tausug More information.
Tawoyan	[twy] 20,000 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). East Central around Palori. Alternate names: Tabojan, Tabojan Tongka, Taboyan, Tabuyan, Tawoyan Dayak, Tewoyan.  Dialects: Lexical similarity: 77% with Lawangan [lbx], 52% with Dusun Deyah.  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, East, North More information.
Tidong	[tid] 27,000 in Indonesia (2007 SIL). Population total all countries: 47,000. East Kalimantan Province, Bulungan Regency, Sembakung and Sibuka rivers, coast and islands around Tarakan and interior, Malinau River. Also in Malaysia (Sabah). Alternate names: Camucones, Tedong, Tidoeng, Tidung, Tiran, Tirones, Tiroon, Zedong.  Dialects: Nonukan (Nunukan), Penchangan, Sedalir (Salalir, Sadalir, Saralir, Selalir), Tidung, Tarakan (Terakan), Sesayap (Sesajap), Sibuku. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Tidong More information.
Tunjung	[tjg] 50,000 (Wurm and Hattori 1981). East Kalimantan Province, Kutai Regency, between Adas, Dempar, Melak, and east around the lake; south Muntaiwan area. Alternate names: Tunjung Dayak.  Dialects: Tunjung (Tunjung Tengah), Tunjung Londong, Tunjung Linggang, Pahu. Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Greater Barito, Barito-Mahakam More information.
Uma’ Lasan	[xky] 1,500 in Indonesia (Soriente 2003, 2005). East Kalimantan Province, Malinau regency, primarily Long Pujungan and Long Jelet Mesahan villages, also Long Pejalin (Uma’ Alim).Alternate names: Western Kenyah.  Dialects: Uma’ Alim, Uma’ Lasan, Uma’ Baka.  Classification:Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kenyah, Upper Pujungan More information.
Uma’ Lung	[ulu] 3,000 (2006). East Kalimantan Province, Malinau regency mostly, Pimping, Long Setulang, Batu Kajang, Long Uli, Long Belua villages. Alternate names: Oma Longh.  Dialects: Marginally intelligible with Uma Lasan [xky].  Classification: Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, North Sarawakan, Kayan-Kenyah, Kenyah, Upper Pujungan More information.